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, Journal of Environmental Psychology 35 __UNDEF__ ( 2013 ) , pp. 67 – 80; 探討明亮光線和專心的研究請見 H . Mukae and M . Sato , ‘ The effect of color temperature of lighting sources on the autonomic nervous functions’ , The Annals of Physiological Anthropology 11/5 __UNDEF__ (1992 ) , pp. 533 – 538 . 10 請見 L . Lan et al . , __UNDEF__ ‘ Neurobehavioral approach for evaluation of office workers’ productivity: The effects of room temperature’ , Building and Environment 44/8 __UNDEF__ ( 2009 ) , pp . 1578 – 1588; L . Lan et al . , __UNDEF__ ‘ Effects of thermal discomfort in an office on perceived air quality , SBS symptoms , physiological responses , and human performance’ , Indoor Air 21/5 __UNDEF__ (2011 ) , pp. 376 – 390 . 11 請見 H . Jahncke et al . , ‘ Open-plan office noise: Cognitive performance and restoration’ , Journal of Environmental Psychology 31/4 __UNDEF__ (2011 ) , pp. 373– 382. 12 請見 S. Banbury and D. C. Berry , ‘ Disruption of office-related tasks by speech and office noise’ , British Journal of Psychology 89/3 __UNDEF__ (1998 ) , pp. 499 – 517 . 13 請見 P. Barrett et al . , __UNDEF__ ‘ The impact of classroom design on pupils’ learning: Final results of a holistic , multi-level analysis’ , Building and Environment 89 __UNDEF__ (2015 ) , pp. 118– 133. 14 請見 A. S. Soldat et al . , __UNDEF__ ‘ Color as an environmental processing cue: External affective cues can directly affect processing strategy without affecting mood’ , Social Cognition 15/1 __UNDEF__ (1997 ) , pp. 55–71; R. Mehta and R. Zhu , ‘Blue or red? Exploring the effect of color on cognitive task performances’ , Science 323/ 5918 __UNDEF__ ( 2009 ) , pp. 1226–1229; S. Lehrl et al . , ‘ Blue light improves cognitive performance’ , Journal of Neural Transmission 114/4 __UNDEF__ (2007 ) , pp. 457– 460; Z. O’Connor , ‘ Colour psychology and colour therapy: Caveat emptor’ , Color Research & Application 36/3 __UNDEF__ (2011 ) , pp. 229 – 234 . 15 有關紅、藍色研究的綜述請見 Mehta and Zhu , __UNDEF__ ‘ Blue or red ?’ (2009) . 16 請見 K. W. Jacobs and J. F. Suess , ‘ Effects of four psychological primary colors on anxiety state’ , Perceptual and Motor Skills 41 ( 1 ) __UNDEF__ ( 1975 ) , pp . __UNDEF__ 207 – 210 . __UNDEF__ 他們考量了紅色、黃色、綠色和藍色對焦慮程度的影響，發現較高的焦慮分數與紅色和黃色相關，藍色和綠色則與較低的分數相關。另見 A. Al-Ayash et al . , __UNDEF__ ‘ The influence of color on student emotion , heart rate , and performance in learning environments’ , Color Research and Application 41/2 __UNDEF__ (2016) , pp . __UNDEF__ 196 – 205 , __UNDEF__ 說明藍色比紅色和黃色更能讓人平靜。 17 請見 Al-Ayash et al . , __UNDEF__ ‘ The influence of color’ (2016) . __UNDEF__ 他們研究了六種顏色 — 鮮紅、鮮藍、鮮黃、淡紅、淡藍、淡黃 — 如何對學生在私人讀書空間進行閱讀任務的表現產生影響。 18 有關紅、藍色研究的綜述請見 Mehta and Zhu , __UNDEF__ ‘ Blue or red ?’ (2009) . __UNDEF__ 第七章：韌性 1 請見 D. Laibson and J. List , __UNDEF__ ‘ Principles of ( behavioral ) economics’ , American Economic Review 105/5 __UNDEF__ (2015) , pp . __UNDEF__ 385 – 390 , __UNDEF__ 舉出一些巧妙的行為科學小知識來鼓勵這個科目在課堂上的創新教學。 2 . Macaskill , ‘ Using a gratitude intervention to enhance well-being in older adults’ , Journal of Happiness Studies 16/4 __UNDEF__ (2015) , pp . 947 – 964 , __UNDEF__ 將心存感恩與較高的自尊連結在一起； F. Gander et al . , __UNDEF__ ‘ Strength-based positive interventions: Further evidence for their potential in enhancing well-being and alleviating depression’ , Journal of Happiness Studies 14/4 __UNDEF__ (2013) , pp . __UNDEF__ 1241 – 1259 , __UNDEF__ 將感恩與較低的憂鬱連結在一起； M. E. P. Seligman et al . , __UNDEF__ ‘ Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions’ , American Psychologist 60/5 __UNDEF__ (2005) , pp . __UNDEF__ 410 – 421 , __UNDEF__ 將感恩與較高的快樂連結在一起。 3 請見 N. Ashraf et al . , __UNDEF__ ‘ Losing prosociality in the quest for talent? Sorting , selection , and productivity in the delivery of public services’ , LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 88175 , London School of Economics and Political Science , LSE Library (2018 ) . 4 在跨世代流動（ intergenerational mobility ）方面，我和保羅‧多蘭的共同研究顯示出向下流動對生活滿意度和心理健康的損害遠大於向上流動對這些生活領域的提升。這些結論來自於研究 1970年英國世代調查（ British Cohort Study ）這個很棒的英國資料集，它針對 1970年出生的嬰兒進行持續一生的研究。 5 請見 P. Grossman et al . , __UNDEF__ ‘ Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis’ , Journal of Psychosomatic Research 57/1 __UNDEF__ (2004 ) , pp . __UNDEF__ 35 – 43 , __UNDEF__ 結合了幾項研究顯示正念減壓療法的健康益處；更近期的研究請見 M. Goyal et al . , __UNDEF__ ‘ Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis’ , JAMA Internal Medicine 174/3 __UNDEF__ (2014 ) , pp . __UNDEF__ 357 – 368 . __UNDEF__ 這項整合分析包含四十七個隨機化試驗，凸顯出焦慮、憂鬱和痛苦改善的中等證據（ moderate evidence ），但對心情、注意力、物質使用、飲食行為、睡眠品質或體重則沒有影響。 6 , __UNDEF__ ‘ Loss , trauma , and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events?’ , American Psychologist 59/1 __UNDEF__ (2004 ) , pp. 20 – 28 , __UNDEF__ 強調耐力是培養韌性的途徑； S. Maddi , __UNDEF__ ‘ The story of hardiness: Twenty years of theorizing , research , and practice’ , Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research 54/3 __UNDEF__ (2002) , pp . __UNDEF__ 173 – 185 , __UNDEF__ 顯示耐力能提升面對日常壓力源和所需的韌性； M. E. P. Seligman , ‘ Building resilience’ , Harvard Business Review 89/4 __UNDEF__ (2011) , pp . __UNDEF__ 100 – 106 , __UNDEF__ 指出讓心靈更堅強是增加韌性的方法。 7 請見 B. Smith et al. , __UNDEF__ ‘ The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back’ , International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 15/3 __UNDEF__ (2008) , pp . __UNDEF__ 194 – 200 , __UNDEF__ 說明韌性與社交關係、身體健康及心理健康呈現正相關； Q. Gu and C. Day , __UNDEF__ ‘ Teachers’ resilience: A necessary condition for effectiveness’ , Teaching and Teacher Education 23/8 __UNDEF__ (2007) , pp . __UNDEF__ 1302 – 1316 , __UNDEF__ 證明韌性使教師更有動機也更投入； L. Abramson et al . , __UNDEF__ ‘ Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation’ , Journal of Abnormal Psychology 87/1 __UNDEF__ (1978) , pp . 49 – 74 , __UNDEF__ 強調大學生的創新思維和韌性具有相關性。第八章：歷程 1 在同一個級別的職務上調動，也許是負責較為重要的工作岡位。參考文獻 __UNDEF__ 書籍． , John , Feedback and Human Behaviour: The Effects of Knowledge of Results , Incentives and Reinforcement on Learning and Performance ( Harmondsworth , Middlesex: Penguin Books , 1969 ) . ． , Albert , Principles of Behavior Modification ( New York , London: Holt , Rinehart and Winston , 1969 ) . ． , Kim S. , Positive Leadership ( San Francisco , CA: Berret-Koehler Publishers , 2008 ) . ． , Mihaly , Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience ( New York: Harper Perennial , 2008 ) . ． , Paul , Happiness by Design: Finding Pleasure and Purpose in Everyday Life ( London: Penguin Books , 2014 ) . ． , Paul , Happy Ever After: Escaping the Myth of the Perfect Life ( London: Allen Lane , 2019 ) . ． , Carol S. , Mindset: The New Psychology of Success ( New York: Random House , 2006 ) . ． , Malcolm , Outliers: The Story of Success ( New York: Little , Brown and Company , 2008 ) . ． , Heidi , Reinforcements: How to Get People to Help You ( Boston , MA: Harvard Business Review Press , 2018 ) . ． , Arlie Russell , and Anne Machung , The Second Shift: Working Parents and the Revolution at Home ( New York: Viking , 1989 ) . ． , Daniel , Thinking , Fast and Slow ( London: Allen Lane , 2011 ) . ． , Jake , and John Zeratsky , Make Time: How to Focus on What Matters Every Day ( New York: Currency , 2018 ) . ． , Scott E. , The Diversity Bonus: How Great Teams Pay Off in the Knowledge Economy ( Princeton , NJ: Princeton University Press , 2017 ) . ． , Emily Esfahani , The Power of Meaning: Crafting a Life That Matters ( New York: Crown , 2017 ) . ． , Cass , and Reid Hastie , Wiser: Getting Beyond Groupthink to Make Groups Smarter ( Boston , MA: Harvard Business Review Press , 2015 ) . ． , Richard H. , and Cass R. Sunstein , Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health , Wealth , and Happiness ( New Haven , CT: Yale University Press , 2008 ) . ． , Jeffry A. , New Venture Creation: Entrepreneurship for the 21st Century ( Boston , MA: Irwin/McGraw-Hill , 1999 ) . ． , Brian , Eat That Frog!: Get More of the Important Things Done Today ( London: Hodder Paperbacks , 2013 ) . ． , Matthew P. , Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams ( New York: Scribner , 2017 ) . __UNDEF__ 文章與論文． , L. , M. Seligman and J. T easdale , ‘ Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation’ , Journal of Abnormal Psychology 87/1 __UNDEF__ (1978 ) , pp. 49–74. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1979-00305-001 ． , A. , R. T. Kane , D. Smith and P. Green-Armytage , ‘ The influence of color on student emotion , heart rate , and performance in learning environments’ , Color Research and Application 41/2 __UNDEF__ (2016 ) , pp. 196–205. https://doi.org/10.1002/col.21949307 ． , D. , J. Currie and V. Duque , ‘ Childhood circumstances and adult outcomes: Act II’, Journal of Economic Literature 56/4 __UNDEF__ (2018 ) , pp. 1360– 1446. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20171164 ． , E. M. , J. G. Trafton and D. Z. Hambrick , ‘ Momentary interruptions can derail the train of thought’ , Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 143/1 __UNDEF__ (2014 ) , pp. 215– 226. https://doi.org/ 10.1037/a0030986 ． , J . , C. B. Fried and C. Good , ‘ Reducing the effects of stereotype threat on African American college students by shaping theories of intelligence’ , Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 38/2 __UNDEF__ (2002 ) , pp. 113– 125 . https://doi.org/10.1006/jesp. 2001.1491 ． , Nava , Oriana Bandiera and Scott Lee , ‘ Losing prosociality in the quest for talent? Sorting , selection , and productivity in the delivery of public services’, LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 88175 , London School of Economics and Political Science , LSE Library (2018 ) . http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/88175 ． , S. , and D. C. Berry , ‘ Disruption of office-related tasks by speech and office noise’ , British Journal of Psychology 89/3 __UNDEF__ (1998 ) , pp. 499– 517. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044 - 8295 . 1998 . tb02699 . x ． , J . , and I. Ritov , ‘ Omission bias , individual differences , and normality’ , Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 94/2 __UNDEF__ (2004 ) , pp. 74– 85 . https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.obhdp . 2004 . 03.003 __UNDEF__ ． , P . , F. Davies , Y. Zhang and L. Barrett , ‘ The impact of classroom design on pupils’ learning: Final results of a holistic , multi-level analysis’ , Building and Environment 89 __UNDEF__ (2015 ) , pp. 118– 133 . https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.buildenv . 2015 . 02 .013 __UNDEF__ ． , M . , V. Saviouk , M. H. M. de Moor , G. Willemsen , T. C. E. M. van Beijsterveldt , J.-J. Hottenga , E. J. C. de Geus and D. I. Boomsma , ‘ Heritability and genome-wide linkage scan of subjective happiness’ , Twin Research and Human Genetics 13/2 __UNDEF__ (2010 ) , pp. 135 – 142 . https://doi.org/ 10.1375/twin . 13 . 2 .135 __UNDEF__ ． , J. A. C . , and B . S. Silverman , ‘ Picking winners or building them? Alliance , intellectual , and human capital as selection criteria in venture financing and per formance of biotechnology startups’ , Journal of Business Venturing 19/3 __UNDEF__ (2004 ) , pp. 411 – 436 . https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S 0883 - 9026 ( 03 ) 00038 - 7 __UNDEF__ ． __UNDEF__ , P . , R. Hjalmarsson and D . Pozen , ‘ Building criminal capital behind bars: Peer effects in juvenile corrections’ , The Quarterly Journal of Economics 124/ 1 __UNDEF__ (2009 ) , pp. 105 – 147 . https://doi.org/ 10.1162/qjec . 2009 . 124 . 1 .105 __UNDEF__ ． , P . , S. Ross and G . Topa , ‘ Place of work and place of residence: Informal hiring networks and labor market outcomes’ , Journal of Political Economy 116/6 __UNDEF__ (2008 ) , pp . 1150 – 1196 . https://doi.org/ 10 .1086 / 595975 __UNDEF__ ． __UNDEF__ , S . O . , A. Fernandes and D . Weichselbaumer , ‘ Discrimination in hiring based on potential and realized fertility: Evidence from a large-scale field experiment’ , Labour Economics 59 __UNDEF__ ( 2019 ) , pp. 139 – 152 . https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j . labeco . __UNDEF__ 2019 . 04 .009 __UNDEF__ ． , ‘ Applying behavioural insights to reduce fraud , error , and debt’ , Cabinet Office ( 2012 ) . http://www.behaviouralinsights.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/BIT_FraudErrorDebt_accessible . pdf __UNDEF__ ． __UNDEF__ , C . C . , ‘ Stockholding behavior of US households: Evidence from the 1983 – 1989 Survey of Consumer Finances’ , Review of Economics and Statistics 80/2 __UNDEF__ ( 1998 ) , pp . 263 – 275 . https://doi.org/ 10 . 1162 / 003465398557500 __UNDEF__ ． , M . , and S . Mullainathan , ‘ Are Emily and Greg more employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A field experiment on labor market discrimination’ , American Economic Review 94/ 4 __UNDEF__ ( 2004 ) , pp . 991 – 1013 . https://doi .org/ 10 . 1257 / 0002828042 __UNDEF__ 002561 __UNDEF__ ． __UNDEF__ , J . , A. Garber and J . Goldhaber-Fiebert , ‘ Nudges in exercise commitment contracts: A randomized trial’ , NBER Working Paper Series 21406 __UNDEF__ ( 2015 ) . Retrieved from: https://www .nber .org/papers/w 21406 __UNDEF__ ． __UNDEF__ Bohns , V . K . ,

Displaying extended context for query match # 1,706 in text 2021_f9b8ce00

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, Journal of Environmental Psychology 35 __UNDEF__ ( 2013 ) , pp. 67 – 80; 探討明亮光線和專心的研究請見 H . Mukae and M . Sato , ‘ The effect of color temperature of lighting sources on the autonomic nervous functions’ , The Annals of Physiological Anthropology 11/5 __UNDEF__ (1992 ) , pp. 533 – 538 .

10 請見 L . Lan et al .

, __UNDEF__ ‘ Neurobehavioral approach for evaluation of office workers’ productivity: The effects of room temperature’ , Building and Environment 44/8 __UNDEF__ ( 2009 ) , pp . 1578 – 1588; L .

Lan et al .

, __UNDEF__ ‘ Effects of thermal discomfort in an office on perceived air quality , SBS symptoms , physiological responses , and human performance’ , Indoor Air 21/5 __UNDEF__ (2011 ) , pp. 376 – 390 .

11 請見 H . Jahncke et al .

, ‘ Open-plan office noise: Cognitive performance and restoration’ , Journal of Environmental Psychology 31/4 __UNDEF__ (2011 ) , pp. 373– 382. 12 請見 S. Banbury and D. C. Berry , ‘ Disruption of office-related tasks by speech and office noise’ , British Journal of Psychology 89/3 __UNDEF__ (1998 ) , pp. 499 – 517 .

13 請見 P. Barrett et al .

, __UNDEF__ ‘ The impact of classroom design on pupils’ learning: Final results of a holistic , multi-level analysis’ , Building and Environment 89 __UNDEF__ (2015 ) , pp. 118– 133. 14 請見 A. S. Soldat et al .

, __UNDEF__ ‘ Color as an environmental processing cue: External affective cues can directly affect processing strategy without affecting mood’ , Social Cognition 15/1 __UNDEF__ (1997 ) , pp. 55–71; R. Mehta and R. Zhu , ‘Blue or red? Exploring the effect of color on cognitive task performances’ , Science 323/ 5918 __UNDEF__ ( 2009 ) , pp. 1226–1229; S. Lehrl et al .

, ‘ Blue light improves cognitive performance’ , Journal of Neural Transmission 114/4 __UNDEF__ (2007 ) , pp. 457– 460; Z. O’Connor , ‘ Colour psychology and colour therapy: Caveat emptor’ , Color Research & Application 36/3 __UNDEF__ (2011 ) , pp. 229 – 234 .

15 有關紅、藍色研究的綜述請見 Mehta and Zhu , __UNDEF__ ‘ Blue or red ?’ (2009) .

16 請見 K. W. Jacobs and J. F. Suess , ‘ Effects of four psychological primary colors on anxiety state’ , Perceptual and Motor Skills 41 ( 1 ) __UNDEF__ ( 1975 ) , pp .

__UNDEF__ 207 – 210 .

__UNDEF__ 他們考量了紅色、黃色、綠色和藍色對焦慮程度的影響，發現較高的焦慮分數與紅色和黃色相關，藍色和綠色則與較低的分數相關。另見 A. Al-Ayash et al .

, __UNDEF__ ‘ The influence of color on student emotion , heart rate , and performance in learning environments’ , Color Research and Application 41/2 __UNDEF__ (2016) , pp .

__UNDEF__ 196 – 205 , __UNDEF__ 說明藍色比紅色和黃色更能讓人平靜。 17 請見 Al-Ayash et al .

, __UNDEF__ ‘ The influence of color’ (2016) .

__UNDEF__ 他們研究了六種顏色 — 鮮紅、鮮藍、鮮黃、淡紅、淡藍、淡黃 — 如何對學生在私人讀書空間進行閱讀任務的表現產生影響。 18 有關紅、藍色研究的綜述請見 Mehta and Zhu , __UNDEF__ ‘ Blue or red ?’ (2009) .

__UNDEF__ 第七章：韌性 1 請見 D. Laibson and J. List , __UNDEF__ ‘ Principles of ( behavioral ) economics’ , American Economic Review 105/5 __UNDEF__ (2015) , pp .

__UNDEF__ 385 – 390 , __UNDEF__ 舉出一些巧妙的行為科學小知識來鼓勵這個科目在課堂上的創新教學。 2 .

Macaskill , ‘ Using a gratitude intervention to enhance well-being in older adults’ , Journal of Happiness Studies 16/4 __UNDEF__ (2015) , pp .

947 – 964 , __UNDEF__ 將心存感恩與較高的自尊連結在一起； F. Gander et al .

, __UNDEF__ ‘ Strength-based positive interventions: Further evidence for their potential in enhancing well-being and alleviating depression’ , Journal of Happiness Studies 14/4 __UNDEF__ (2013) , pp .

__UNDEF__ 1241 – 1259 , __UNDEF__ 將感恩與較低的憂鬱連結在一起； M. E. P. Seligman et al .

, __UNDEF__ ‘ Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions’ , American Psychologist 60/5 __UNDEF__ (2005) , pp .

__UNDEF__ 410 – 421 , __UNDEF__ 將感恩與較高的快樂連結在一起。 3 請見 N. Ashraf et al .

, __UNDEF__ ‘ Losing prosociality in the quest for talent? Sorting , selection , and productivity in the delivery of public services’ , LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 88175 , London School of Economics and Political Science , LSE Library (2018 ) .

4 在跨世代流動（ intergenerational mobility ）方面，我和保羅‧多蘭的共同研究顯示出向下流動對生活滿意度和心理健康的損害遠大於向上流動對這些生活領域的提升。這些結論來自於研究 1970年英國世代調查（ British Cohort Study ）這個很棒的英國資料集，它針對 1970年出生的嬰兒進行持續一生的研究。 5 請見 P. Grossman et al .

, __UNDEF__ ‘ Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis’ , Journal of Psychosomatic Research 57/1 __UNDEF__ (2004 ) , pp .

__UNDEF__ 35 – 43 , __UNDEF__ 結合了幾項研究顯示正念減壓療法的健康益處；更近期的研究請見 M. Goyal et al .

, __UNDEF__ ‘ Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis’ , JAMA Internal Medicine 174/3 __UNDEF__ (2014 ) , pp .

__UNDEF__ 357 – 368 .

__UNDEF__ 這項整合分析包含四十七個隨機化試驗，凸顯出焦慮、憂鬱和痛苦改善的中等證據（ moderate evidence ），但對心情、注意力、物質使用、飲食行為、睡眠品質或體重則沒有影響。 6 , __UNDEF__ ‘ Loss , trauma , and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events?’ , American Psychologist 59/1 __UNDEF__ (2004 ) , pp. 20 – 28 , __UNDEF__ 強調耐力是培養韌性的途徑； S. Maddi , __UNDEF__ ‘ The story of hardiness: Twenty years of theorizing , research , and practice’ , Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research 54/3 __UNDEF__ (2002) , pp .

__UNDEF__ 173 – 185 , __UNDEF__ 顯示耐力能提升面對日常壓力源和所需的韌性； M. E. P. Seligman , ‘ Building resilience’ , Harvard Business Review 89/4 __UNDEF__ (2011) , pp .

__UNDEF__ 100 – 106 , __UNDEF__ 指出讓心靈更堅強是增加韌性的方法。 7 請見 B. Smith et al. , __UNDEF__ ‘ The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back’ , International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 15/3 __UNDEF__ (2008) , pp .

__UNDEF__ 194 – 200 , __UNDEF__ 說明韌性與社交關係、身體健康及心理健康呈現正相關； Q. Gu and C. Day , __UNDEF__ ‘ Teachers’ resilience: A necessary condition for effectiveness’ , Teaching and Teacher Education 23/8 __UNDEF__ (2007) , pp .

__UNDEF__ 1302 – 1316 , __UNDEF__ 證明韌性使教師更有動機也更投入； L. Abramson et al .

, __UNDEF__ ‘ Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation’ , Journal of Abnormal Psychology 87/1 __UNDEF__ (1978) , pp .

49 – 74 , __UNDEF__ 強調大學生的創新思維和韌性具有相關性。第八章：歷程 1 在同一個級別的職務上調動，也許是負責較為重要的工作岡位。參考文獻 __UNDEF__ 書籍． , John , Feedback and Human Behaviour: The Effects of Knowledge of Results , Incentives and Reinforcement on Learning and Performance ( Harmondsworth , Middlesex: Penguin Books , 1969 ) .

． , Albert , Principles of Behavior Modification ( New York , London: Holt , Rinehart and Winston , 1969 ) .

． , Kim S. , Positive Leadership ( San Francisco , CA: Berret-Koehler Publishers , 2008 ) .

． , Mihaly , Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience ( New York: Harper Perennial , 2008 ) .

． , Paul , Happiness by Design: Finding Pleasure and Purpose in Everyday Life ( London: Penguin Books , 2014 ) .

． , Paul , Happy Ever After: Escaping the Myth of the Perfect Life ( London: Allen Lane , 2019 ) .

． , Carol S. , Mindset: The New Psychology of Success ( New York: Random House , 2006 ) .

． , Malcolm , Outliers: The Story of Success ( New York: Little , Brown and Company , 2008 ) .

． , Heidi , Reinforcements: How to Get People to Help You ( Boston , MA: Harvard Business Review Press , 2018 ) .

． , Arlie Russell , and Anne Machung , The Second Shift: Working Parents and the Revolution at Home ( New York: Viking , 1989 ) .

． , Daniel , Thinking , Fast and Slow ( London: Allen Lane , 2011 ) .

． , Jake , and John Zeratsky , Make Time: How to Focus on What Matters Every Day ( New York: Currency , 2018 ) .

． , Scott E. , The Diversity Bonus: How Great Teams Pay Off in the Knowledge Economy ( Princeton , NJ: Princeton University Press , 2017 ) .

． , Emily Esfahani , The Power of Meaning: Crafting a Life That Matters ( New York: Crown , 2017 ) .

． , Cass , and Reid Hastie , Wiser: Getting Beyond Groupthink to Make Groups Smarter ( Boston , MA: Harvard Business Review Press , 2015 ) .

． , Richard H. , and Cass R. Sunstein , Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health , Wealth , and Happiness ( New Haven , CT: Yale University Press , 2008 ) .

． , Jeffry A. , New Venture Creation: Entrepreneurship for the 21st Century ( Boston , MA: Irwin/McGraw-Hill , 1999 ) .

． , Brian , Eat That Frog!: Get More of the Important Things Done Today ( London: Hodder Paperbacks , 2013 ) .

． , Matthew P. , Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams ( New York: Scribner , 2017 ) .

__UNDEF__ 文章與論文． , L. , M. Seligman and J. T easdale , ‘ Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation’ , Journal of Abnormal Psychology 87/1 __UNDEF__ (1978 ) , pp. 49–74. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1979-00305-001 ． , A. , R. T. Kane , D. Smith and P. Green-Armytage , ‘ The influence of color on student emotion , heart rate , and performance in learning environments’ , Color Research and Application 41/2 __UNDEF__ (2016 ) , pp. 196–205. https://doi.org/10.1002/col.21949307 ． , D. , J. Currie and V. Duque , ‘ Childhood circumstances and adult outcomes: Act II’, Journal of Economic Literature 56/4 __UNDEF__ (2018 ) , pp. 1360– 1446. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20171164 ． , E. M. , J. G. Trafton and D. Z. Hambrick , ‘ Momentary interruptions can derail the train of thought’ , Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 143/1 __UNDEF__ (2014 ) , pp. 215– 226. https://doi.org/ 10.1037/a0030986 ． , J .

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