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32 在一百多個物種中都發現類似比例： Wolf, Max, G. Sander Van Doorn, and Franz J. Weissing. “Evolutionary emergence of responsive and unresponsive personalities.” Proceedings __UNDEF__ of the National Academy __UNDEF__ of Sciences 105 , no. 41 __UNDEF__ ( 2008 ) : 15825–15830. 32 處理資訊比別人更澈底： Aron , Elaine N., Arthur Aron, and Jadzia Jagiellowicz. “Sensory processing sensitivity: A review in the light of the evolution __UNDEF__ of biological responsivity.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 16 , no. 3 ( 2012 ) : 262 –282. 33 在網路上調查了超過一千兩百位英語系國家的父母： Aron et al., 2019. 36 __UNDEF__ 一般而言，高敏感父母覺得自己的親職表現不夠好，一般父母的自我評價還比較好一些： Branjerdporn , Grace , Pamela Meredith , Jenny Strong , and Mandy Green. “Sensory sensitivity and its relationship with adult attachment and parenting styles.” PloS one 14 , no. 1 __UNDEF__ ( 2019 ) : e0209555. 42 支持高敏人處理資訊較為深刻的現象： Aron, Arthur, Sarah Ketay , Trey Hedden, Elaine N. Aron , Hazel Rose Markus , and John DE Gabrieli. “Temperament trait __UNDEF__ of sensory processing sensitivity moderates cultural differences in neural response.” Social cognitive and affective neuroscience 5 , no. 2–3 ( 2010 ): 219–226. 42 腦部和「更深刻」的資訊處理有關的部分： Jagiellowicz , Jadzia , Xiaomeng Xu, Arthur Aron , Elaine Aron , Guikang Cao , Tingyong Feng, and Xuchu Weng. “The trait __UNDEF__ of sensory processing sensitivity and neural responses to changes in visual scenes.” Social cognitive and affective neuroscience 6, no. 1 ( 2010 ): 38–47 ]. The t ask was noticing subtle differences in photos __UNDEF__ of landscape. In the more subtle task , HSPs were processing more deeply than those without the trait. 42 以前的研究： Hedden , Trey , Sarah Ketay , Arthur Aron , Hazel Rose Markus , and John DE Gabrieli. “Cultural influences on neural substrates of attentional control.” Psychological science 19 , no. 1 ( 2008 ) : 12–17 . Perceptual tasks were found to be more or less difficult depending on the culture a person is from. Difficulty can be measured using magnetic resonance imager y ( MRI) to see how much activity or effort is happening in various parts of the brain. Chinese people , coming from a collectivist culture , find it easier to see context ―that is, whether a box with a line in it has the same or different proportions as another box with a line in it. ( Amazing result, that culture affects subtle perceptual ability , yes? ) The leng th __UNDEF__ of the line , however, is not their focus __UNDEF__ of attention , so a comparison of leng ths of lines is more difficult for them to judge. Americans, coming __UNDEF__ from an individualistic culture , find it easier to see individual features ―whether the line in a box is the same length or different from a line in a different box. Their brains have to work harder to compare the size of the boxes. So again , even in a perceptual task , if you come from a collective culture, where social context matters , the first task is easier; coming from an individualistic culture makes the second one easier. 44 給研究對象看情人或陌生人的照片： Acevedo, Bianca P., Elaine N. Aron, Arthur Aron , Matthew Do nald Sangster , Nancy Collins , and Lucy L. Brown. “The highly sensitive brain: an fMRI study of sensory processing sensitivity and response to others ’ emotions.” Brain and behavior 4, no. 4 ( 2014): 580–594. 44 研究再度肯定高敏人對感官資訊的更深刻處理： Acevedo et al., 2014. 45 一九九七年我和丈夫一起做的研究： Aron, Elaine N., and Arthur Aron. “Sensory-processing sensitivity and its relation to introversion and emotionality .” Journal __UNDEF__ of personality and social psychology 73, no. 2 ( 1997 ) : 345. 45 二○○五年的實驗： Aron, Elaine N., Arthur Aron, and Kristin __UNDEF__ M. Davies. “Adult shyness: The interaction __UNDEF__ of temperamental sensitivity and an adverse childhood environment.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin __UNDEF__ 31 , no. 2 ( 2005 ) : 181–197. Immediately after, the students learned that, in fact , some had been given tests with impossible questions and others with ridiculously easy ones. However , just before they were told that , and just after the test , they took a mood checklist so that we could see how the impression they had of their results had affected those who were HSPs versus those who were not. 45 二○一六年首次研究 … … 高敏人對正負面照片的情緒反應都更強： Jagiellowicz , Jadzia , Arthur Aron , and Elaine N. Aron. “Relationship between __UNDEF__ the temperament trait __UNDEF__ of sensory processing sensitivity and emotional reactivity.” Social Behavior and Personality : an international journal 44 , no. 2 ( 2016 ): 185–199. 46 尤其是對正面照片的反應： Acevedo , Bianca P. , Elaine N. Aron , Arthur Aron , Matthew Donald Sangster , Nancy Collins, and Lucy L. Brown. “The highly sensitive brain: an fMRI study of sensory processing sensiti vity and response to others ’ emotions.” Brain and behavior 4, no. 4 ( 2014 ) : 580–594. 46 如果童年幸福更是如此： Acevedo , Bianca P. , Jadzia Jagiellowicz , Elaine Aron , Robert Marhenke , and Arthur Aron. “Sensory processing sensitivity and childhood quality ’s effects on neural responses to emotional stimuli.” Clinical Neuropsychiatry 6 ( 2017 ) . 46 陌生人或情人表現快樂、哀傷或無情緒的照片： The brain ’s mirror neurons were only discovered in __UNDEF__ the past twenty years. Initially , the discovery was made in a laboratory in Parma , Italy , where scientists used electrodes fitted into __UNDEF__ the brains __UNDEF__ of macaque monkeys to find which neurons controlled particular hand movements. They discovered what area caused a monkey to raise its hand to grasp something. But on several occasions, they found some odd firings in __UNDEF__ the brain when __UNDEF__ the monkey was sitting still and watching the scientists themselves pick up something . It took some time for __UNDEF__ the researchers to realize what was happening , that there were what they ultimately called “mirror neurons” causing the monkeys to imitate what the humans did . It took even longer to understand all of the implications. But now we know that in humans , too , when we are watching another person do something or feel something , various neurons in several areas __UNDEF__ of the brain fire in the same way as some __UNDEF__ of the neurons in the person we are observing. For more on this interesting discovery see Rizzolatti, Giacomo , and Corrado __UNDEF__ Sinigaglia. Mirrors in the brain: How our minds share actions and emotions. Oxford University Press, USA, 2008. 47 最近的科學模型： Baumeister , Roy F. , Kathleen D. Vohs , C. Nathan De Wall , and Liqing Zhang. “How emotion shapes behavior: Feedback , anticipation , and reflection , rather than direct causation.” Personality and social psychology review 11 , no. 2 ( 2007 ) : 167–203]. Baumeister is famous for viewing a topic in radically new ways. In this case, he argued that contrary to __UNDEF__ the idea that emotion mainly interferes with rational thinking while making a decision or taking action , most emotion is felt after an event, which serves t o help us remember what happened and to learn from it, making is more rational in the end. 47 情緒促使我們思考： Baumeister et al., 2007. 52 有時差異極細微，例如乾草多一捆或柵欄多一根柱子： Jagiellowicz et al., 2010. 52 在大的直線和橫線中找出字母 T 和 L ： Gerstenberg , Friederike XR. “Sensory-processing sensitivity predicts performance on a visual search task followed by an increase in perceived stress.” Personality and Individual Differences 53 , no. 4 ( 2012 ) : 496–500. 57 荷蘭生物學家設計電腦程式以研究這個特質如何演化： Wolf et al., 2008. 61 神經傳導物質在新的母體發現： Leake , Rosemary D., Richard E. Weitzman, Theodore H. Glatz , and Delbert A. Fisher. “Plasma oxytocin concentrations in men, nonpregnant women, and pregnant women before and during spontaneous labor.” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 53, no. 4 ( 1981 ) : 730–733. __UNDEF__ 第二章 66 雜亂如何影響不同敏感度的父母： Wachs , Theodore D. “Relation of maternal personality to perceptions __UNDEF__ of environmental chaos in the home.” Journal __UNDEF__ of Environmental Psychology 34 ( 2013 ): 1–9. 69 腦子也是生理器官，需要營養和休息才能恢復： Hanson, B. Rick , Jan Hanson, and Ricki Pollycove. Mother Nur ture: A Mother’s Guide to Health in Body , Mind , and Intimate Relationships. New York: Penguin Books, 2002. 70 如果有兩三歲以下的孩子，有本書討論母親燃燒殆盡的現象： Hansen et al. , 2002. 88 擁抱的感覺很好，可以降低壓力荷爾蒙： Cohen, Sheldon, Denise Janicki-Deverts , Ronald B. Turner, and William J. Doyle. “Does hugging provide stress-buffering social support? A study of susceptibility to upper respiratory infection and illness.” Psychological science 26 , no. 2 ( 2015 ): 135–147. __UNDEF__ 第三章 113 離開的時間會讓在家陪孩子的時間更為愉快： Bass, Brenda L., Adam B. Butler, Joseph G. Grzyw acz, and Kirsten D. Linney . “ Do job demands undermine parenting ? A daily analysis __UNDEF__ of spillover and crossover effects.” Family Relations 58 , no. 2 ( 2009 ) : 201 –215. 121 有許多專家為此 …… ： Carter, Bernie. “Parenting: A glut of information.” ( 2007 ) : 82–84. 121 九種氣質： Kurcinka , Mary Sheedy. Raising your spirited child. Harper Collins, 1999. 130 敏感孩子比其他孩子更容易受到托育環境影響： Pluess , Michael, and Jay __UNDEF__ Belsky. “Differential susceptibility to rearing experience: The case of childcare.” Journal of child psychology and psychiatry 50 , no. 4 ( 2009 ) : 396–404. __UNDEF__ 第四章 138 面對失敗的兩種不同反應： Patterson , C. Mark , and Joseph P. Newman. “Reflectivity and learning from aversive events: Toward a psychological mechanism for the syndromes of disinhibition.” Psychological review 100, no. 4 ( 1993 ): 716. 139 一項關於做決定的研究： Vohs, Kathleen D., Roy F. Baumeister, Brandon J. Schmeichel, Jean M. Twenge , Noelle M. Nelson , and Dianne M. Tice. “Making choices impairs subsequent self-control: A limited-resource account of decision making , self-regulation , and active initiative .” In Self-Regulation and Self-Control , pp. 45–77 . Oxfordshire , UK: Routledge, 2018. 140 一個人越在乎一件事情，越會思考這件事情： Baumeister et al., 2007. 153 你內心深處的靈魂會說什麼： Borysenko , Joan Z. , and Gordon Dveirin. Your Soul’s Compass. Carlsbad, CA: Hay House , Inc, 2008. 158 談論無聊的事、技藝和天職的書： Jaeger , Barrie. Making work work for the highly sensitive person. McGraw-Hill, 2004.  繁中版：《老是換工作也不是辦法：善用敏感特質，縱橫多元職場》， __UNDEF__ 美商麥格羅．希爾 __UNDEF__ 第五章 174 所有

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32 在一百多個物種中都發現類似比例： Wolf, Max, G. Sander Van Doorn, and Franz J. Weissing. “Evolutionary emergence of responsive and unresponsive personalities.” Proceedings __UNDEF__ of the National Academy __UNDEF__ of Sciences 105 , no. 41 __UNDEF__ ( 2008 ) : 15825–15830. 32 處理資訊比別人更澈底： Aron , Elaine N., Arthur Aron, and Jadzia Jagiellowicz. “Sensory processing sensitivity: A review in the light of the evolution __UNDEF__ of biological responsivity.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 16 , no. 3 ( 2012 ) : 262 –282. 33 在網路上調查了超過一千兩百位英語系國家的父母： Aron et al., 2019. 36 __UNDEF__ 一般而言，高敏感父母覺得自己的親職表現不夠好，一般父母的自我評價還比較好一些： Branjerdporn , Grace , Pamela Meredith , Jenny Strong , and Mandy Green. “Sensory sensitivity and its relationship with adult attachment and parenting styles.” PloS one 14 , no. 1 __UNDEF__ ( 2019 ) : e0209555. 42 支持高敏人處理資訊較為深刻的現象： Aron, Arthur, Sarah Ketay , Trey Hedden, Elaine N. Aron , Hazel Rose Markus , and John DE Gabrieli. “Temperament trait __UNDEF__ of sensory processing sensitivity moderates cultural differences in neural response.” Social cognitive and affective neuroscience 5 , no. 2–3 ( 2010 ): 219–226. 42 腦部和「更深刻」的資訊處理有關的部分： Jagiellowicz , Jadzia , Xiaomeng Xu, Arthur Aron , Elaine Aron , Guikang Cao , Tingyong Feng, and Xuchu Weng. “The trait __UNDEF__ of sensory processing sensitivity and neural responses to changes in visual scenes.” Social cognitive and affective neuroscience 6, no. 1 ( 2010 ): 38–47 ]. The t ask was noticing subtle differences in photos __UNDEF__ of landscape. In the more subtle task , HSPs were processing more deeply than those without the trait. 42 以前的研究： Hedden , Trey , Sarah Ketay , Arthur Aron , Hazel Rose Markus , and John DE Gabrieli. “Cultural influences on neural substrates of attentional control.” Psychological science 19 , no. 1 ( 2008 ) : 12–17 .

Perceptual tasks were found to be more or less difficult depending on the culture a person is from. Difficulty can be measured using magnetic resonance imager y ( MRI) to see how much activity or effort is happening in various parts of the brain. Chinese people , coming from a collectivist culture , find it easier to see context ―that is, whether a box with a line in it has the same or different proportions as another box with a line in it. ( Amazing result, that culture affects subtle perceptual ability , yes? ) The leng th __UNDEF__ of the line , however, is not their focus __UNDEF__ of attention , so a comparison of leng ths of lines is more difficult for them to judge. Americans, coming __UNDEF__ from an individualistic culture , find it easier to see individual features ―whether the line in a box is the same length or different from a line in a different box. Their brains have to work harder to compare the size of the boxes. So again , even in a perceptual task , if you come from a collective culture, where social context matters , the first task is easier; coming from an individualistic culture makes the second one easier. 44 給研究對象看情人或陌生人的照片： Acevedo, Bianca P., Elaine N. Aron, Arthur Aron , Matthew Do nald Sangster , Nancy Collins , and Lucy L. Brown. “The highly sensitive brain: an fMRI study of sensory processing sensitivity and response to others ’ emotions.” Brain and behavior 4, no. 4 ( 2014): 580–594. 44 研究再度肯定高敏人對感官資訊的更深刻處理： Acevedo et al., 2014. 45 一九九七年我和丈夫一起做的研究： Aron, Elaine N., and Arthur Aron. “Sensory-processing sensitivity and its relation to introversion and emotionality .” Journal __UNDEF__ of personality and social psychology 73, no. 2 ( 1997 ) : 345. 45 二○○五年的實驗： Aron, Elaine N., Arthur Aron, and Kristin __UNDEF__ M. Davies. “Adult shyness: The interaction __UNDEF__ of temperamental sensitivity and an adverse childhood environment.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin __UNDEF__ 31 , no. 2 ( 2005 ) : 181–197. Immediately after, the students learned that, in fact , some had been given tests with impossible questions and others with ridiculously easy ones. However , just before they were told that , and just after the test , they took a mood checklist so that we could see how the impression they had of their results had affected those who were HSPs versus those who were not. 45 二○一六年首次研究 … … 高敏人對正負面照片的情緒反應都更強： Jagiellowicz , Jadzia , Arthur Aron , and Elaine N. Aron. “Relationship between __UNDEF__ the temperament trait __UNDEF__ of sensory processing sensitivity and emotional reactivity.” Social Behavior and Personality : an international journal 44 , no. 2 ( 2016 ): 185–199. 46 尤其是對正面照片的反應： Acevedo , Bianca P. , Elaine N. Aron , Arthur Aron , Matthew Donald Sangster , Nancy Collins, and Lucy L. Brown. “The highly sensitive brain: an fMRI study of sensory processing sensiti vity and response to others ’ emotions.” Brain and behavior 4, no. 4 ( 2014 ) : 580–594. 46 如果童年幸福更是如此： Acevedo , Bianca P. , Jadzia Jagiellowicz , Elaine Aron , Robert Marhenke , and Arthur Aron. “Sensory processing sensitivity and childhood quality ’s effects on neural responses to emotional stimuli.” Clinical Neuropsychiatry 6 ( 2017 ) .

46 陌生人或情人表現快樂、哀傷或無情緒的照片： The brain ’s mirror neurons were only discovered in __UNDEF__ the past twenty years. Initially , the discovery was made in a laboratory in Parma , Italy , where scientists used electrodes fitted into __UNDEF__ the brains __UNDEF__ of macaque monkeys to find which neurons controlled particular hand movements. They discovered what area caused a monkey to raise its hand to grasp something. But on several occasions, they found some odd firings in __UNDEF__ the brain when __UNDEF__ the monkey was sitting still and watching the scientists themselves pick up something . It took some time for __UNDEF__ the researchers to realize what was happening , that there were what they ultimately called “mirror neurons” causing the monkeys to imitate what the humans did . It took even longer to understand all of the implications. But now we know that in humans , too , when we are watching another person do something or feel something , various neurons in several areas __UNDEF__ of the brain fire in the same way as some __UNDEF__ of the neurons in the person we are observing. For more on this interesting discovery see Rizzolatti, Giacomo , and Corrado __UNDEF__ Sinigaglia. Mirrors in the brain: How our minds share actions and emotions. Oxford University Press, USA, 2008. 47 最近的科學模型： Baumeister , Roy F. , Kathleen D. Vohs , C. Nathan De Wall , and Liqing Zhang. “How emotion shapes behavior: Feedback , anticipation , and reflection , rather than direct causation.” Personality and social psychology review 11 , no. 2 ( 2007 ) : 167–203]. Baumeister is famous for viewing a topic in radically new ways. In this case, he argued that contrary to __UNDEF__ the idea that emotion mainly interferes with rational thinking while making a decision or taking action , most emotion is felt after an event, which serves t o help us remember what happened and to learn from it, making is more rational in the end. 47 情緒促使我們思考： Baumeister et al., 2007. 52 有時差異極細微，例如乾草多一捆或柵欄多一根柱子： Jagiellowicz et al., 2010. 52 在大的直線和橫線中找出字母 T 和 L ： Gerstenberg , Friederike XR. “Sensory-processing sensitivity predicts performance on a visual search task followed by an increase in perceived stress.” Personality and Individual Differences 53 , no. 4 ( 2012 ) : 496–500. 57 荷蘭生物學家設計電腦程式以研究這個特質如何演化： Wolf et al., 2008. 61 神經傳導物質在新的母體發現： Leake , Rosemary D., Richard E. Weitzman, Theodore H. Glatz , and Delbert A. Fisher. “Plasma oxytocin concentrations in men, nonpregnant women, and pregnant women before and during spontaneous labor.” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 53, no. 4 ( 1981 ) : 730–733. __UNDEF__ 第二章 66 雜亂如何影響不同敏感度的父母： Wachs , Theodore D. “Relation of maternal personality to perceptions __UNDEF__ of environmental chaos in the home.” Journal __UNDEF__ of Environmental Psychology 34 ( 2013 ): 1–9. 69 腦子也是生理器官，需要營養和休息才能恢復： Hanson, B. Rick , Jan Hanson, and Ricki Pollycove. Mother Nur ture: A Mother’s Guide to Health in Body , Mind , and Intimate Relationships. New York: Penguin Books, 2002. 70 如果有兩三歲以下的孩子，有本書討論母親燃燒殆盡的現象： Hansen et al. , 2002. 88 擁抱的感覺很好，可以降低壓力荷爾蒙： Cohen, Sheldon, Denise Janicki-Deverts , Ronald B. Turner, and William J. Doyle. “Does hugging provide stress-buffering social support? A study of susceptibility to upper respiratory infection and illness.” Psychological science 26 , no. 2 ( 2015 ): 135–147. __UNDEF__ 第三章 113 離開的時間會讓在家陪孩子的時間更為愉快： Bass, Brenda L., Adam B. Butler, Joseph G. Grzyw acz, and Kirsten D. Linney . “ Do job demands undermine parenting ? A daily analysis __UNDEF__ of spillover and crossover effects.” Family Relations 58 , no. 2 ( 2009 ) : 201 –215. 121 有許多專家為此 …… ： Carter, Bernie. “Parenting: A glut of information.” ( 2007 ) : 82–84. 121 九種氣質： Kurcinka , Mary Sheedy. Raising your spirited child. Harper Collins, 1999. 130 敏感孩子比其他孩子更容易受到托育環境影響： Pluess , Michael, and Jay __UNDEF__ Belsky. “Differential susceptibility to rearing experience: The case of childcare.” Journal of child psychology and psychiatry 50 , no. 4 ( 2009 ) : 396–404. __UNDEF__ 第四章 138 面對失敗的兩種不同反應： Patterson , C. Mark , and Joseph P. Newman. “Reflectivity and learning from aversive events: Toward a psychological mechanism for the syndromes of disinhibition.” Psychological review 100, no. 4 ( 1993 ): 716. 139 一項關於做決定的研究： Vohs, Kathleen D., Roy F. Baumeister, Brandon J. Schmeichel, Jean M. Twenge , Noelle M. Nelson , and Dianne M. Tice. “Making choices impairs subsequent self-control: A limited-resource account of decision making , self-regulation , and active initiative .” In Self-Regulation and Self-Control , pp. 45–77 .

Oxfordshire , UK: Routledge, 2018. 140 一個人越在乎一件事情，越會思考這件事情： Baumeister et al., 2007. 153 你內心深處的靈魂會說什麼： Borysenko , Joan Z. , and Gordon Dveirin. Your Soul’s Compass. Carlsbad, CA: Hay House , Inc, 2008. 158 談論無聊的事、技藝和天職的書： Jaeger , Barrie. Making work work for the highly sensitive person. McGraw-Hill, 2004.  繁中版：《老是換工作也不是辦法：善用敏感特質，縱橫多元職場》， __UNDEF__ 美商麥格羅．希爾 __UNDEF__ 第五章 174 所有

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