February 2012 ) : 4086–91 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/ pnas.1118373109. 57. et al. , “T he Psychological Consequences of Money , ” Science 314 , no. 5802 ( November 2006 ) : 1154– 56 , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1132491. 58 .
 
__UNDEF__ to experience physical and emotional pain Lisa Miller , “The Money-Empathy Gap, ” New York , June 29 , 2012 , https://nymag.com/news/ features/money-brain-2012-7/. 59 .
 
of others J. E. Stellar , V. M. Manzo, M. W. Kraus , and D. Keltner , “Class and Compassion: Socio-economic Factors Predict Responses to Suffering , ” Emotion 12, no. 3 ( 2012 ) : 449– 59 , https:// doi.org/10.1037/a0026508 .
 
60 .
 
People are starting ” Keltner , “What Science Taught MeAbout Compassion.” __UNDEF__ 61. your own data” Hooria Jazaieri , “ Six Habits __UNDEF__ of Highly Compassionate People , ” Greater Good Magazine , April 24 , 2018 , https:// greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/ six_habits_of_highly_compassionate_people. 62. ’s no empirical evidence” Jazaieri , “Six Habits __UNDEF__ of Highly Compassionate People.” __UNDEF__ 第2 章 __UNDEF__ __UNDEF__ 為什麼 我們 渴求 無條件 的 愛 ？ 1. , Till We Have Faces , 86 .
 
2. of Madison County Robert James Waller , The Bridges __UNDEF__ of Madison County __UNDEF__ ( New York: Warner Books , 1992 ) ; “Bridges of Madison County Author Robert James Waller Dies , 77 , ” BBC News , March 10 , 2017 , https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-39226686 .
 
3 .
 
half Plato , Symposium , 12 ( of theMIT Symposium document ) , http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/symposium.html. See also Jean Houston, The Hero and the Goddess: “The Odyssey” as Mystery and Initiation ( Wheaton ,Ill.: Quest , 2009 ) , 202. 4. de Botton De Botton , “Why You Will Marry the Wrong Person ,” The New York Times , May 28 , 2016 , https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/29/opinion/sunday/why-you-will-marry-the- wrong-person.html. 5. the gravest errors” Alain de Botton , “ ‘Romantic Real-ism’: The Seven Rules to Help You Avoid Divorce , ” The Guardian , January 10 , 2017 , https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/jan/10/romantic- realism-the-seven-rules-to-he lp-you-avoid-divorce. 6. video “Baby Reacts to Moonlight Sonata , ” November 19 , 2016 , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHUnLY1_PvM. 7 .
 
__UNDEF__ as “chills” Jaak Panksepp , “The Emotional Sources of ‘Chills’ Induced by Music , ” Music Perception 13 no. 2 ( 1995 ) : 171–207 , https:// doi.org/10.2307/40285693 ; see also Rémi de Fleurian and Marcus T. Pearce , “The Relationship Between Valence and Chills in Music: A Corpus Analysis ,” I-Perception12 , no. 4 ( July 2021 ) , https://doi.org/ 10.1177%2F2041669 52 11024680. 8 .
 
et al. , “Extreme re- Listening: Songs People Love and Continue to Love , ” Psychology of Music 47 , no. 1 ( January 2018 ) , http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735617751050. 9. “Pop Music Became More Moody in Past 50 Years , ” Scientific American , November 13,2012 , https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/scientists-discover-trends-in-pop- music/. 10. __UNDEF__ “joyous melancholy ” Shoba Narayan, “Why Do Arabic Rhythms Sound SJanuary 17 , 201 1 , https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/ comment/why-do-arabic-rhy thms-sound-so-sweet-to-indian-ears-1.375824 .
 
11. “saddestmelodies”FedericoGarcíaLorca , “OnLullabies , ” trans. A. S. Kline , Poetry in Translation , https://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/Spanish/Lullabies.php. 12. in 1806 “Affective Musical Key Characteristics , ” https:// wmich.edu./mus-theo/courses/keys.html. 13. pathos of things” David Landis Barnhill , “Aesthetics andNature in Japan,” The Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature , ed. Bron Taylor ( London: Thoemmes Continuum , 2005 ) , 17–18 , https://www.uwosh.edu/ facstaff/barnhill/244/Barnhill %20-%20 Aesthetics %20 and %20 Nature %20in %20 Japan%20-%20ERN.pdf. 14. at the University of Jyväskylä Vuoskoski et al., “Being Moved by Unfamiliar Sad Music Is Associated withHigh Empathy .” 15 .
 
longstanding explanation Mahash Ananth , “A Cognitive Interpretation of Aristotle ’s Concepts of Catharsis and Tragic Pleasure ,” International Journal of Art and Art __UNDEF__ His- tory 2 , no. 2 ( December 2014 ) , http://dx.doi.org/10.15640/ijaah.v2 n2a1. 16 .
 
__UNDEF__ melodies help our bodies Matthew Sachs , Antonio Damasio , and Assal Habibi , “ The Pleasures of Sad Music , ” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ( July 24 , 2015 ) , https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00404. 17 .
 
care Joanne Loewy et al. , “The Effects of Music Therapy on Vital Signs , Feeding , and Sleep in Premature Infants , ” Pediatrics 131 , no. 5 ( May 2013 ): 902–18 , https://doi.org/10.1542/peds. 2012-1367. 18. Even happy music Sachs , Damasio , and Habibi , “Pleasures __UNDEF__ of Sad Music.” 19. power” Federico Garc ía Lorca , In Search __UNDEF__ of Duende __UNDEF__ ( New York : New Directions , 1998 ) , 57. 20. defined as a yearning desire Ray Baker , Beyond Narnia: The Theology and Apologetics __UNDEF__ of C. S. Lewis ( Cambridge ,Ohio: Christian Publishing House , 2021 ) , 67–68 .
 
21 .
 
But because pothos “Pothos , ” Livius.org , https://www.livius.org/articles/ concept/pothos/. 22. pothos” Houston, Search for the Beloved, 124 .
 
23. __UNDEF__ s that set Homer ’s Odyssey Ibid. 24 .
 
longing ” C. S. Lewis , Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life ( New York: Harper One , 1955 ) .
 
25 .
 
__UNDEF__ unnameable something” C. S. Lewis , The Pilgrim’s Regress ( Grand Rapids , Mich.: William B. Eerdmans , 1992 ) .
 
26. of joy”Lewis , Surprisedby Joy. 27. , “Saudadeand Sehnsucht , ” Noweverthen.com , https://noweverthen.com/many/saudade.html. 28. aching creature” Michael Posner, Leonard Cohen, Un- told Stories: The E arly Years ( New York: Simon & Schuster , 2020 ) , 28. 29 .
 
, Arrow’s Flight , 13. 30. , “Love Is the Drug , ” The Guardian , April 21 , 2001 , https://www.theguardian.com/books/2001/apr/21/extract. 31. , a sweetly piercing nostalgia The Welsh have the word hiraeth for a similar concept. 32. , “Valmiki—The First Poet , ” Pearls from the Ramayana , August 14 , 2020 , https://www.amarchitrakatha.com/ mythologies/valmiki-the-first-poet/. __UNDEF__ 33. itself is divine” Sri Sri Ravi Shankar , “Longing Is Di-vine , ” https://wisdom.srisriravishankar.org/longing-is-divine/. 34 .
 
__UNDEF__ painters used to paint the Madonna Siddhartha Mukherjee , “Same But Different , ” The New Yorker , April 25 , 2016 , https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/05/02/break throughs-in-epigenetics. 35 .
 
” Rumi, The Essential Rumi ( Harper One , 2004 ) , p. 17. 36 .
 
Separation” “The Pain of Separation ( The Longing ) , ” July 29 , 2014 , https://www.youtu be.com/watch?v=Za1me4NuqxA. 37 .
 
has killed Rukmini Callimachi , “To the World , They Are Muslims. To ISIS, Sufis Are Heretics , ” The New York Times , November 25 , 2017 , https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/25/world/middleeast/sufi- muslims-isis-sinai.html. 38. he was, telling Oprah “Llewellyn Vaughan-Lee and Oprah Winfrey Interview,” March 4 , 2012 , Golden Sufi Center,https://goldensufi.org/ video/llewellyn-vaughan-lee-and-oprah-winfrey-interview/. 39. is the sweet pain” Llewellyn Vaughan -Lee , “Femi- nine Mysteries of Love , ” Personal Transformation , https://www.personaltransformation.com/llewellyn_vaughan_lee.html. __UNDEF__ 40. left behind reams __UNDEF__ of ecstatic poetry Shahram Shiva , Rumi’s Untold Story ( n.p.: Rumi Network , 2018 ) .
 
41. poet Jane Ciabattari, “Why Is Rumi the Best-SellingPoet in the US?,” BBC, October 21 , 2014 , https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/ 20140414 -americas-best-selling-poet. 42 .
 
( San Fran- cisco: HarperCollins , 2005 ) , 9 8. 43. of Avila Teresa of Avila: The Book __UNDEF__ of My Life,trans. Mirabai Starr ( Boston: Shambhala Publications , Inc. ,2008 ) , 224. 44. heard you” Ibid. , 146. 45. Letters,”Allpoetry.com,https://allpoetry.com/I-Send-Letters. 46. ( or nirvana ) Joseph Goldstein, “Mindfulness, Com-passion & Wisdom: Three Means to Peace , ” PBS.org , https://www.pbs.org/thebuddha/ blog/2010/May/11/mindfulness-compassion-wisdom-three-means-peace- jo/. 47 .
 
training ” The quote is from Buddha’s Advice , the blog __UNDEF__ of a practicing Buddhist , lynnjkelly , https://buddhas advice.wordpress.com/ 2012/04/19/longing/. 48. the greatest power” Llewellyn Vaughan-Lee , In the Company of Friends ( Point Reyes Station , Calif.: Golden Sufi Center, 1994 ) .
 
49. has to become” Llewellyn Vaughan-Lee, “The Ancient Path of the Mystic: An Interview with Llewellyn Vaughan-Lee , ” Golden Sufi Center , https://goldensufi.org/the-ancient-path-of-the-mystic-an-interview- with-llewellyn-vaug han-lee/. 50. __UNDEF__ of love songs Llewellyn Vaughan-Lee , “A Dangerous Love , ” Omega Institute for Holistic Studies , April 26 , 2007 , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7 pe_GLp_6 o. 51. expedient” C. S. Lewis , The Weight of Glory __UNDEF__ ( New York: Macmillan , 1966 ) , 4–5. __UNDEF__ 第3 章 __UNDEF__ __UNDEF__ 悲傷 與 創造力 有關 嗎 ？ 1. , “Leonard Cohen Makes ItDarker , ” The New Yorker , October 17 , 2016 , https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/ 2016/10/17/leonard-cohen-makes-it-darker. 2. , “Remembering LeonardCohen,” CBC Radio , November 11, 2017 , https://www.cbc.ca/radio/writersandcompany/ remembering-leonard-cohen-biographer-sylvie-simmons-on-montreal-s- beloved-poet-1.4394764 .
 
3 .
 
as if” Andrew Anthony , “Leonard Cohen and Marianne Ihlen: The Love Affair of a Lifetime , ” The Guardian , June 30 , 2019 , https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/jun/30/leonard-cohen-marianne-ihlen- love-affair-of-a-lifetime-nick-broomfield-documentary-words-of-love. 4. , “Remembering Leonard Cohen.” 5. to a famous early study Marvin Eisenstadt , Parental Loss and Achievement ( New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993 ) .
 
6. in the arts Kay Redfield Jamison , Touchedwith Fire ( New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993 ) .
 
7. ra , Tortured Artists ( Avon , Mass.: Adams Media , 2012 ) .
 
8 .
 
economist named Karol Jan Borowiecki, “How Are You, My Dearest Mozart? Well-Being and Creativity of Three Famous Composers Based on Their Letters , ” The Review of Economics and Statistics 99 , no. 4 ( October 2017 ) : 591–605 ,https://doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00616. 9. Berry Mendes, “The Dark Side of Creativity : Biological Vulnerability and Negative Emotions Lead to Greater Artistic Creativity , ” Per sonality and Social Psychology Bulletin 34 , no. 12 ( December 2008 ) , https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1177%2F0146167 208323933. 10 .
 
__UNDEF__ moods tend to sharpen Joseph P. Forgas , “Four Ways Sad- ness May Be Good for You, ” Greater Good Magazine , June 4 , 2014 , https:// greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/ four_ways_sadness_may_be_good_for_you. 11 .
 
__UNDEF__ causes a tendency to withdraw Tom Jacobs , “ HowArtists Can Turn Childhood Pain into Creativity , ” Greater Good Magazine , May 8, 2018 , https://greatergood.berkeley.edu /article/item/ how_artists_can_turn_childhood_pain_into_creativity. 12. of insight Karuna Subramaniam et al. , “A Brain Mechanism for Facilitation __UNDEF__ of Insight by Positive Affect , ” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , https://direct.mit.edu/jocn/article/21/3/415/4666/A-Brain- Mechanism-for-Facilitation-of-Insight-by. 13. people are not” Amanda Mull , “6 Months Off Meds I Can Feel Me Again , ” The Atlantic , December 20, 2018 ,https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2018/12/kanye-west-and-danger s- quitting-psychiatric-medication/578647/. 14 .
 
at home in darkness” Sylvie Simmons , I’m Your Man: The Life of Leonard Cohen ( New York: Ecco Press , 2012 ) , 763. 15. __UNDEF__ “Emotionally Ambivalent Workers Are More Creative , Innovative , ” University of Washington News, October 5, 2006 , https://www.washington.edu/news/2006/10/05/emotionally- ambivalent-workers-are-more-creative-innovative /. 16 .
 
__UNDEF__ , “Beethoven’s Life , Liberty and Pursuit of Enlightenment , ” Morning Edition , NPR , December 1 , 2020 , https://www.npr.org/sections/deceptivecadence/ 2020/12/17/945428466 /beethovens-life-liberty-and-pursuit-of- enlightenment. 17. , “Ludwig van Beethoven , ” Grove Music Online ( 2001 ): 13 , https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/ 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001 .0001/omo-9781561592630 - e-0000040026 .
 
18 .
 
confess” Ibid., 17. 19 .
 
in front” David Nelson, “The Unique Story of Beethoven’s Ninth S ymphony , ” In Mozart’s Footsteps , Au- gust 2 , 2012 , http://inmozartsfootsteps.com/2472/the-unique-story-of-beethovens-ninth-symphony/. 20 .
 
__UNDEF__ performance ended Jan Caeyers , Beethoven , A Life ( Oakland: University of California Press, 2020 ) , 486. 21 .
 
__UNDEF__ oneself in creativity Koenraad Cuypers et al. , “Pat-terns of Receptive and Creative Cultural Activities and Their Association with Perceived Health , Anxiety , Depression and Satisfaction with Life Among Adults: The HUNT Study , Nor-way , ” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 66 , no. 8 ( August 2012 ) , https://doi.org/10.1136/ jech.2010.113571. 22. of viewing beautiful art Matteo Nunner , “Viewing Artworks Generates in the Brain the Same Reactions of Beingin Love , ” Narrative Medicine , July 10, 2017 , https://www.medicinanarrativa.eu/viewing- artworks-generates-in-the-brain-the-same-reactions-of-being-in-love. 23. Rothko , “Statement AboutArt , ” Daugavpils Mark Rothko Art Centre , https://www.rothkocenter.com/en/ art-center/mark-rothko/statement-about-art. __UNDEF__ 24 .
 
__UNDEF__ , I’m Your Man, 491. 25 .
 
of this thesis” Interview with Rick Rubin , “Leon-ard Cohen’s Legacy with Adam Cohen: Thanks for the Dance , ” Broken Record, n.d. , https://brokenrecordpodcast.com/episode-8-leonard-cohens-legacy-with- adam-cohen. 26 .
 
experiences” D. B. Yaden et al. , “The Varieties of Self-Transcendent Experience , ” Review of General Psychology 21, no. 2 ( June 2017 ) , https://doi.org/10.1037 %2Fgpr0000102. 27. is love” Scott Barry Kaufman , Transcend: The New Science of Self- Actualization ( New York: Tarcher Perigee , 2021 ) , 198. 28 .
 
” Author interview with David Yaden, December 10, 2019. 29. , The Healing Powerof Spirituality: How Faith Helps Humans Thrive ( Santa Bar- bara , Calif.: Praeger, 2010 ) , 45 .
 
30 .
 
of life’s” Yaden et al. , “Varieties of Self-TranscendentExperience.” 31 important” D. B. Yaden and A. B. New-berg , The Varieties of Spiritual Experience: A Twenty-First Century Update ( New York: Oxford University Press , forth- coming ) .
 
32. grew more religious , spiritual , and mystical D. K. Simonton , “Dramatic Greatness and Content: A Quantitative Study of 81 A thenian and Shakespearean Plays ,” Empirical Studies of the Arts 1 , no. 2 ( 1983 ) : 109–23 , https://doi.org/10.2190/0AGV-D8A9-HVDF-PL95 ; D. K. Simonton , Greatness: Who Makes History and Why ( New York: Guilford Press, 1994 ) ; see also Paul Wong , “The Deep-and-Wide Hypothesis in Giftedness and Creativity , ” May 17 , 2017 , http://www.drpaul wong.com/the- deep-and-wide-hypothesis-in-giftedness-and-creativity /. 33 .
 
__UNDEF__ experiences” Tom S. Cleary and Sam I. Shapiro , “The Plateau Experience and the Post-Mortem Life: Abraham H. Maslow’s Unfinished Theory , ” Journal of Transpersonal Psychology 27 , no. 1 ( 1995 ) , https://www.atpweb.org/jtparchive/trps-27-95-01-001 .pdf. 34. , “Dying Is Unexpectedly Posit ive ,” Psychological Science ( June 1 , 2017 ) , https:// doi.org/10.1177%2F0956797617701186. 35. explores Estelle Frankel , Sacred Therapy : Jew-ish Spiritual Teachings on Emotional Healing and Inner Wholeness ( Boulder , Colo.: Shambhala, 2004 ) .
 
36. , ” NME, February 14 , 2013 , https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/the-science-of-music- why-do-songs-in-a-minor-key-sound-sad-760215. 37 .
 
rest Marianne , ” it said https://theconversation.com/mythmaking- social-media-and-the-truth-about-leonard-cohens-last-letter-to-marianne- ihlen-108082 .
 
38 .
 
__UNDEF__ , Gone: A Girl, a Violin , aLife Unstrung ( New York: Crown Publishers, 2017 ) .
 
39 .
 
85. 40. 41. she thought Liz Baker and Lakshmi Singh, “Her Violin Stolen, a Prodigy’s World Became ‘Unstr ung ,’ ” All Things Considered , NPR, May 7, 2017 , https://www.npr.org/2017/05/07/526924474 /her-violin-stolen-a- prodigys-world-became-unstrung. __UNDEF__ 第4 章 __UNDEF__ __UNDEF__ 失去 所 愛 ， 怎麼辦 呢 ？ 1. , love shall not” https://genius.com/Dylan-thomas-and-death-shall- have-no-dominion-annotated. 2. heart” Steven C. Hayes , “From Loss to Love , ” Psychology Today , June 18, 2018 , https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/articles/201806/loss-love. 3. , “Steven Hayes on Acceptance and Commitment , ” n.d. , Psychotherapy.net , https://www.psy chotherapy.net/interview/acceptance-ommitment- therapy-ACT-steven-hayes-interview. 4. n C. Hayes and Kirk D. Strosahl , APractical Guide to Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( New York: Springer, 2004 ) .
 
5. you connect ” Rousmaniere , “Steven Hayes on Acceptance and Commitment.” 6. “From Loss to Love , ” Psychology Today , June 18, 2018. 7. of this skill set M. E. Levin et al., “Examining Psychological Inflexibility as a Transdiag nostic Process Across Psychological Disorders ,” Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science 3, no. 3 ( July 2014 ) : __UNDEF__ 155–63 , https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2 Fj.jcbs. 2014.06.003 .
 
8 .
 
an impromptu speech When Brett Ford was a doctoral student at the University __UNDEF__ of California , Berkeley , in 2017 , she and three fellow Berkeley researchers devised a three- part study to try to find out the relationship between accepting negative emo-tions and long-term thriving. Their findings , in Ford et al. , “ The Psychological Heal th Benefits of Accepting Negative Emotions and Thoughts: Laboratory , Diary , and Longitudinal Evidence , ”were publ ished in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychol-ogy 115 , no. 6 ( 2018 ) , https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000157. 9 .
 
__UNDEF__ of well-being Lila Mac Lellan , “Accepting Your Darkest Emotions Is the Key to Psychological Health , ” Quartz ,July 23 , 2017 , https://qz.com/1034450/accepting-your- darkest-emotions-is-the-key-to-sychological-health/ ; Ford et al. , “Psychological Heal th Benefits of Accepting Negative Emotions and Thoughts.” 10. “From Loss to Love.” 11 .
 
do da Vinci of the twentieth century ” Marshall Mc Luhan so called Fuller in R. Buckminster Fuller, Buckminster Fuller: Starting with the Universe , ed. K. Michael Hays and Dana Miller ( New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 2008 ) , 39. 12. memoir Maya Angelou , I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings ( New York: Random House, 2010 ) .
 
13. the same” Ibid., 97. 14. be stirred ” Oprah Winfrey , foreword to Angelou , IKnow Why the Caged Bird Sings, ix. 15. y , “The Sorrow and Defiance of Maya Angelou , ” The Conversation , May 29 , 2014 , https:// theconversation.com/the-sorrow-and-defiance-of-maya-angelou-27341. 16 .
 
__UNDEF__ , foreword to Angelou , I KnowWhy the Caged Bird Sings , x. 17. healer” Serge Daneault, “The Wounded Healer:Can This Idea Be of Use to Family Physicians? , ” Canadian Family Physician __UNDEF__ 54 , no. 9 ( 2008 ) : 1218–25 , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC2553448/. 18 .
 
,